Drones Transform Security Landscape Across Africa by 2025

The security landscape in Africa has experienced significant changes by 2025, driven by increased external interventions, a surge in military power consolidation, and the expanding use of drones in conflicts. The Africa Center of Security Studies has released a collection of graphics that illustrate these trends, highlighting the evolving dynamics of security across the continent.

The report emphasizes that the rise of drone technology is reshaping armed conflicts in Africa. Drones, which have become more affordable and accessible, are providing capabilities akin to a small air force for various armed groups. At least 31 African countries have acquired thousands of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with government military purchases rapidly increasing.

Armed non-state actors in countries such as Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Somalia, and Sudan have also begun to utilize military drones. This trend has raised concerns about the implications for civilian safety, particularly as drone strikes have resulted in significant civilian casualties in urban areas, such as those witnessed in Sudan.

Regional Impacts of Drone Proliferation

The report highlights that middle powers, notably Türkiye, are expanding their influence in Africa by meeting the continent’s growing demand for drones. Türkiye has established itself as Africa’s leading supplier, having secured a total of 32 agreements related to drone sales. Other nations, including Israel, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran, have also increased their presence by supplying drones to various African nations.

In response to the rising demand for drone technology, several African countries are working to develop their own indigenous production capabilities. Nine nations, including Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, and Tunisia, are now producing military drones, accounting for approximately 12 percent of Africa’s overall drone market.

As urbanization and demographic pressures increase, the security environment in Africa remains fragile. The combination of these factors, along with the ongoing regionalization of conflicts, continues to strain the continent’s security landscape. Despite these challenges, many African nations have made strides in enhancing their communications and infrastructure, which is crucial for boosting economic productivity and creating opportunities for the continent’s youthful population of approximately 1.5 billion people.

The findings from the Africa Center of Security Studies paint a complex picture of the current and future security dynamics in Africa. The interplay of drone technology, regional conflicts, and external influences will likely shape the continent’s security policies and military strategies in the years to come. As the situation evolves, the need for comprehensive strategies that address both the opportunities and risks presented by these trends will be critical for ensuring stability across the region.